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存在和感知之辩


这个我以前也考虑过,我是这样认为的:
人的感觉分为5种,重要性从高往低依次是:视觉,听觉,嗅觉,触觉,味觉。ok,这个好像不复杂,除此之外,我们还有什么办法感知外界麽?理论上说是,没有了。我们从小的教育是:世界是存在的,存在是可知的,知识是有规律的,而规律是可以被掌握的。这几乎是唯物主义的基础。我们来详细分析一下这几句话吧。
世界是存在的: 这是唯物主义哲学里的公理,公理是什么?公理是被广泛接受的,不言自明的定义。换句话说,它是不可证明的。再换句话说,它可以被认为是违心的,因为人类的历史很多次的证明了很多公理都是扯蛋。
存在是可知的:这句话也是公理。当然,很大程度上我们都的认同这一点,这里有个词非常重要,也是我为什么罗里罗嗦说了这么一堆,它是跟这个帖子的主题,这个字就是“知”字。什么是知,我认为是“存在”在人脑中的“投影”。 就像凸透镜成像一样,如果这个成像可以算作是视觉,那么把其他四个感觉都套在这个“成像”上就ok了。

好,先暂时把后两句话摆一边,咱们来讨论一下这个“知”,也就是成像,由于其他的几种感觉都类似,我们就以视觉来做为讨论的样本,其他的感觉可以类推。
视觉的科学解释是视神经接收到光子照射以后产生神经脉冲,神经脉冲是一种电化学反应产生的电化学信号,我们的大脑视丘分析传进来的信号以后,再形成图像,于是,我们就“看”到了图像。很不好的是,我自己就是一个例子:我的右眼没有任何问题,但是它基本上什么也看不见。为什么?我的视网膜是好的,晶状体是好的,瞳孔是好的,为什么看不清或者几乎看不见东西?而且戴什么眼镜都没有用?因为视觉信号传导出了问题。假设我们把这件事推到极致:我们如何知道我们所普遍认知的存在是我们看到的那个样子?我们没有任何,任何办法可以证明,我们感知到的,是真实的存在。甚至我们也无法证明,是否真的有一个真实的存在,因为我们的证明来自于感知,而感知的正确与否又依赖感知来证明。这是个先鸡还是先蛋的问题。

那么后面两句话:知识是有规律的,规律是可以被掌握的。这两句话是纯粹的唯心主义。规律是什么,是我们的思想进行总结的结果,它有一丝一毫的唯物性么?没有。而规律是可以被掌握的这句话更邪门,几乎可以等同于“主会宽恕你的,信者一定会得救”。不信你把这两句话上下排开来,是不是有点对仗?

所有的感官都需要被转化成电化学信号再由神经元传递,在传递之前,我们不知道他们是真还是假,传递之中,我们无法确定他们是否被篡改了,分析的时候,我们是主观而且短视的。
我几乎是个唯心论者。因为我们谁也不知道事实,我们不知道事实,也无法知道是否有事实。讨论“事实”本身就是唯心的。

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